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Hortensia de los Santos
Author, Researcher, Theorist

  • Investigating the Indus Valley Civilization as Humanity's First Urban Culture
    The prevailing academic consensus places the rise of civilization around 4000 BCE with the emergence of Sumer in Mesopotamia. This page proposes a paradigm shift, hypothesizing that the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) may have been the world’s first major civilization, and that its population, displaced by climate changes and rising sea levels around 10,000 BCE, migrated northwestward into Iran, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia, possibly contributing to the establishment of sites like Göbekli Tepe (9600 BCE) and influencing early Sumerian civilization. Read More Or Read about Mitanni
  • The Dual-Impactor Hypothesis on the K-Pg Extinction, Pacific Tectonic Shifts, and the Acceleration of the Indian Plate
    This page proposes a dual-impact hypothesis as a significant driver of geological and biological transformations around 66 million years ago (Ma). We argue that the Chicxulub impactor, the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, was a fragment of a much larger celestial body, whose main mass impacted the Pacific Basin. This hypothesis suggests that the K-Pg extinction event was rather the result of a planetary-scale event caused by a dual impact scenario. Read More
  • How Migration into the Americas Could Have Happened
    Traditional models of human migration into the Americas posit an entry via Beringia around 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, followed by a southward expansion. However, recent discoveries, including evidence from Monte Verde (Chile), Pedra Furada (Brazil), and Santa Elina (Brazil), suggest significantly earlier human presence in South America (~30,000 years ago or more).
    This page examines the possibility of an alternative migration route, hypothesizing that early humans may have entered South America first, potentially using an Antarctic-to-South America pathway via the Drake Passage, before migrating northward. Read More
  • The Case for a Race of Giants: Could Giants Have Built These Sites?
    Myths and oral traditions support the idea of giant builders. If a lost race of large humans existed, they could have played a role in constructing the megalithic sites. Are we looking at evidence of a forgotten, giant-building civilization that was wiped out? Despite vast distances and lack of officially recognized contact, many civilizations share striking similarities in: Megalithic construction techniques; Mythological themes; Symbolic carvings and sacred imagery; Legends of advanced beings or lost civilizations.
    By unifying these aspects, a bigger picture emerges that suggests an ancient civilization of giants that left traces in myths, megaliths, and symbols worldwide. Read More
    • Megalithic Evidence, Global Similarities, and Suppressed Knowledge
      Across the world, megalithic structures exhibit an advanced understanding of engineering, material science, and celestial alignments, sharing striking similarities despite being separated by thousands of miles. Ancient carvings and iconography consistently depict the same symbols and motifs across distant civilizations. Conventional explanations, such as influence from known prehistoric cultures like the Phoenicians, fail to account for these anomalies. This page examines the global evidence and argues that the only viable explanation is the existence of a highly advanced civilization that either predates known history or visited Earth in antiquity. Read More
    • Reevaluating Hominin Diversity
      The traditional interpretation of the hominin fossil record classifies various Homo species, such as Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis, as distinct evolutionary branches. This page proposes an alternative explanation: that those hominin groups were not separate species but rather highly adapted populations of Homo sapiens responding to extreme environmental pressures following catastrophic events such as the hypothesized Younger Dryas impact event.If a similar event occurred today, surviving human populations could exhibit extreme differentiation in body structure and genetics, potentially misleading future scientists into defining them as separate species.
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